{"componentChunkName":"component---plugins-precisionhydration-src-templates-case-studies-race-entry-jsx","path":"/athletes/case-studies/other/russell-smith/10-02-2023/","result":{"data":{"allLocalIntakeRatingsJson":{"nodes":[{"title":"Green","color":"#b2bd46","description":"The sweet spot. The athlete hit their numbers as recommended by our <a href='a' target='_blank' rel='noreferrer'>Fuel & Hydration Planner.</a>"},{"title":"Amber","color":"#e9c251","description":"This intake is close to optimal but there's still room for improvement."},{"title":"Red","color":"#cb3631","description":"The athlete was quite far away from what our <a href='a' target='_blank' rel='noreferrer'>Fuel & Hydration Planner</a> would recommend in this instance."}]},"allLocalDataConfidenceJson":{"nodes":[{"title":"Poor data confidence","level":1,"description":{"childMarkdownRemark":{"html":"<p>There is low confidence in the accuracy of the numbers reported. The intake reflects a rough guide to what an athlete consumed but quantities volumes or specific brands might be unknown. It is a loose insight into what the athlete did but the room for error is high-to-very high. This level of confidence most likely reflects the nature of the event (for example an ultramarathon 24 hour or multi-stage event).</p>"}}},{"title":"Low data confidence","level":2,"description":{"childMarkdownRemark":{"html":"<p>There is some confidence in the quantities and brands of products consumed but the data may lack specifics (e.g. volumes specific flavours). A high number of estimations have been made and the room for error is moderate-high. There may also be the possibility that some intake has been grossly over- or under-estimated. </p>"}}},{"title":"Moderate data confidence","level":3,"description":{"childMarkdownRemark":{"html":"<p>There is an adequate level of accuracy in the data collected and the numbers reported. The athlete manages to recall what they ate and drank including most specifics (brands flavours quantities plausible estimations of volumes). However there are estimations made within the data which affect the overall confidence level in the data reported.</p>"}}},{"title":"Good data confidence","level":4,"description":{"childMarkdownRemark":{"html":"<p>There is good confidence in the accuracy of the data reported. An athlete feels that the numbers closely reflect what they consumed despite a couple of estimations which may carry some degree of error. The majority of what was consumed is recorded to a high level of specificity (most volumes are known through the use of bottles brands quantities flavours). The numbers are very plausible and align with previous data recordings (if an athlete has collected data previously).</p>"}}},{"title":"High data confidence","level":5,"description":{"childMarkdownRemark":{"html":"<p>There is a high level of confidence in the accuracy in the data. The numbers presented are believed to be a very close reflection of reality. There may still be one or two estimations made in the data (an inescapable part of field data) but there is reason to believe that these are accurate and that possible error has been kept to a minimum. It is data that has been collected and recalled as accurately as is possible given the uncontrolled settings/circumstances.</p>"}}}]},"store":{"siteMetadata":{"gatsbyStorefrontConfig":{"storeName":"Precision Fuel & Hydration","storeDescription":"We help athletes personalize their hydration and fueling strategies so they can perform at their best. Know your numbers with our free online Sweat Test and Quick Carb Calculator, then make it easy to hit them with our multi-strength range of electrolyte and energy products"}}},"race":{"athleteFirstName":"Russell","athleteGender":"Male","athleteSkill":"Amateur","athleteSlug":"russell-smith","athleteLastName":"Smith","carbRecPre":"30g","carbRecDuring":"60-90g","commentsFueling":"- In the days before the race, Russell increased the proportion of carbohydrates in his food, while reducing protein and fibre so that he could store plenty of glucose as glycogen in his muscles and liver, and avoid overeating. He finished off his [carb load](https://www.precisionhydration.com/performance-advice/nutrition/how-to-carb-load-before-a-race/) with a dinner of pizza and garlic bread the night before the race\n- Russell then began his epic challenge with one of the classic endurance athlete’s breakfasts; comprising toast with peanut butter and a banana, and then topped off his blood glucose levels ~15 minutes before the race with a [PF 30 Gel](https://www.precisionhydration.com/products/pf-30-gel/) \n- While utilising the five transitions throughout the race to top up with real foods like small salted potatoes and some banana, Russell mainly relied on [PF 30](https://www.precisionhydration.com/products/pf-30-gel/) & [PF 90](https://www.precisionhydration.com/products/pf-90-gel/) gels within ‘gel flasks’, as well as [PF Energy Drink mix](https://www.precisionhydration.com/products/pf-30-drink-mix/) to provide him with carbohydrate to be used as fuel during his effort\n- Russell again had some trouble during his 5 hours in the water, as he lost a partially taken [PF 90 Gel](https://www.precisionhydration.com/products/pf-90-gel/) when trying to put it back in his PFD, and then didn’t use the other one he was carrying at all. This undoubtedly contributed to his perceived energy levels dropping significantly by the end, “feeling shattered and quite drained” through transition 5 into the final bike leg where he struggled to push his usual power\n- Overall, Russell’s intake worked out to be ~62g of carb per hour, which is on the lower end of general recommendations for an event of this duration and intensity. Having been aiming for somewhere between 80-90g/h pre race, he knows that there’s some room for elevating his consumption in future races\n- Interestingly, during such a long and arduous event, Russell never utilised the [performance benefits](https://www.precisionhydration.com/performance-advice/nutrition/should-athletes-use-caffeine/) associated with caffeine. If Russell is a habitual caffeine user, and tries using caffeine products in his future training, then he may benefit from the [reduction in perceived effort](https://www.precisionhydration.com/performance-advice/hydration/does-caffeine-boost-your-performance/#:~:text=1.-,TRAIN%20%26%20RACE%20HARDER,-Train%20hard%2C%20race) and [increased focus](https://www.precisionhydration.com/performance-advice/hydration/does-caffeine-boost-your-performance/#:~:text=4.%20IMPROVE%20FOCUS%20%26%20MENTAL%20PERFORMANCE) associated with 3-6mg/kg (1.3-2.7mg/lb) of caffeine in endurance sports. \n","commentsFuture":"- In the end, Russell was able to traverse the 243km stretch from coast to coast in a time of 15 hours and 11 minutes. While this is an impressive feat, he was generally dissatisfied with his performance on the day, having had high hopes after a strong and injury-free build up to the event\n- In terms of his fueling, there’s some room for additional carb intake. Although it must be considered, naturally, that his average hourly number would have been higher with the exact same intake had his finishing time been closer to his initial aims\n- Overall, Russell nailed his hydration - and was able to adapt well on the fly to utilise streams for fluid replenishment, all the while maintaining an appropriate relative sodium concentration for his known losses\n","commentsHydration":"- In a multisport event there are complexities involved in carrying your race fuel and hydration across several sporting disciplines. In this case, Russell had to work out how he would go about executing his strategy while running, riding and paddling across the country for ~15 hours\n- While on the bike legs of the race, Russell relied on bottles integrated between his handlebars and in cages to deliver his fluid. He was able to make the most of the drinkable water from streams that he crossed during the running legs to refill the soft flasks from his vest \n- Unfortunately, Russell struggled with one of his integrated fluid bladders containing [PH 1000 Sachets](https://www.precisionhydration.com/collections/1000s/) inside his personal flotation device (PFD) while paddling, and only found out after it was too late that it had shifted, causing a kink in the tube connecting the reservoir to the mouthpiece\n- This meant that overall he consumed ~479ml (15oz) of fluid per hour, with a relative sodium concentration of ~1,414mg/L (mg/32oz). He achieved this by drinking [PH 1000](https://www.precisionhydration.com/collections/1000s/), [PH 1500](https://www.precisionhydration.com/collections/1500s/), [PF Energy Drink Mix](https://www.precisionhydration.com/products/pf-30-drink-mix/) and 21 [Electrolyte Capsules](https://www.precisionhydration.com/products/electrolyte-salt-capsules-for-athletes/) \n- This above average [relative sodium concentration](https://www.precisionhydration.com/performance-advice/hydration/precision-hydration-packaging/) is something that we wouldn’t recommend for everyone. However, Russell knows after his [Sweat Test](https://www.precisionhydration.com/sweat-testing/our-sweat-tests/), that he loses an above average 1,371mg of sodium per litre (32oz) of sweat. This means that his intake was absolutely appropriate for him and replaced a good proportion of what he lost via his sweat throughout the race\n- Likewise, the fact Russell reported peeing quite frequently during the race and actually being quite cold at some points means his moderate hourly fluid intake was likely appropriate, and helped him stave off any severe [effects of dehydration](https://www.precisionhydration.com/performance-advice/hydration/how-to-tell-if-you-are-dehydrated/)\n- These suitable fluid and electrolyte intakes may have contributed towards Russell experiencing no cramping on the day, although he did feel some twinges in his leg adductors which never eventuated, but he assumed these were due to sitting in the kayak for such a long time\n","commentsSummary":"- Russell is a keen athlete with vast experience across multiple endurance sports. He also carries out [Sweat Testing](https://www.precisionhydration.com/sweat-testing/our-sweat-tests/) as the head coach at [‘GO’ Beyond Physical Limits](https://www.gobeyondlimits.co.nz/the-coach) based in Hamilton, New Zealand \n- He took on the 2023 Kathmandu Coast to Coast, which sees athletes run, kayak and cycle from Kumara beach in the west of New Zealand to New Brighton beach, Christchurch, in the east of the country as part of this premier ‘multisport’ adventure race, previously known as ‘The Longest Day’ competition \n- After experiencing some difficulties during the longest *duration* stage of the event, the 67km Kayak, Russell felt that his carb intake had some room for improvement on the day, which may have helped his perceived energy throughout the final 70km cycle\n","intakeCaffeine":"{\"intake_overall_total\":0,\"intake_overall_perhour\":0,\"intake_bikerun_total\":0,\"intake_bikerun_perhour\":\"\",\"intake_bike_total\":0,\"intake_bike_perhour\":\"\",\"intake_run_total\":0,\"intake_run_perhour\":\"\"}","intakeCaffeineRating":"Amber","intakeCarbRating":"Green","intakeCarbohydrate":"{\"intake_overall_total\":\"935\",\"intake_overall_perhour\":\"62\",\"intake_bikerun_total\":\"905\",\"intake_bikerun_perhour\":\"\",\"intake_bike_total\":\"905\",\"intake_bike_perhour\":\"\",\"intake_run_total\":0,\"intake_run_perhour\":\"\"}","intakeConfidence":3,"intakeFluid":"{\"intake_overall_total\":\"7250\",\"intake_overall_perhour\":\"479\",\"intake_bikerun_total\":\"7250\",\"intake_bikerun_perhour\":\"\",\"intake_bike_total\":\"7250\",\"intake_bike_perhour\":\"\",\"intake_run_total\":0,\"intake_run_perhour\":\"\"}","intakeFluidRating":"Green","intakeRelativesodium":"{\"intake_overall_relative\":\"1414\",\"intake_bikerun_relative\":\"\",\"intake_bike_relative\":\"\",\"intake_run_relative\":\"\"}","intakeRelativesodiumRating":"Green","intakeSodium":"{\"intake_overall_total\":\"10252\",\"intake_overall_perhour\":\"677\",\"intake_bikerun_total\":\"10252\",\"intake_bikerun_perhour\":\"\",\"intake_bike_total\":\"10252\",\"intake_bike_perhour\":\"\",\"intake_run_total\":0,\"intake_run_perhour\":\"\"}","intakeSodiumRating":"Green","raceCity":"Christchurch","raceConditions":"Mild","raceCountry":"New Zealand","raceDate":"2023/2/10","raceDistanceBike":null,"raceDistanceOverall":243,"raceDistanceRun":null,"raceDistanceSwim":null,"raceElevationBike":null,"raceElevationOverall":null,"raceElevationRun":null,"raceHeatindex":null,"raceHumidity":60,"racePaceBike":null,"racePaceRun":null,"racePosition":null,"racePrecipitation":"No Rain","raceResult":null,"raceSecondlevelSport":"Multisport","raceSportSubcategory":"Kathmandu Coast to Coast ","raceTempAvg":17,"raceTempMax":22,"raceTempMin":12,"raceTimeBike":0,"raceTimeOverall":54577,"raceTimeRun":0,"raceTimeSwim":0,"raceToplevelSport":"Other","raceWebsite":"https://www.coasttocoast.co.nz/","statsAthleteQuote":"Training had gone really well with no major injuries, and I'm not getting any younger, so overall I was disappointed with the result as I put quite high expectations on myself.","statsBeforeRaceMenu":"[\"2 x Toast with Butter & Peanut butter\",\"1 x Banana\",\"500ml x PH 1500 (Tablet) \"]","statsBodyweight":null,"statsBodyweightPost":null,"statsBodyweightPre":null,"statsCrampRating":"Twinges but not full-on cramps","statsHydrationComments":null,"statsHydrationRating":null,"statsEnergyComments":"Energy was good until around halfway through the kayak. 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